What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?

Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as ( F = ma ), where ( F ) is the net force applied to the object, ( m ) is the mass of the object, and ( a ) is the acceleration produced.

This law highlights how the motion of an object changes when different forces act upon it. Specifically, if a greater force is applied to an object, it will accelerate more, assuming its mass remains constant. Conversely, if the mass of the object increases while the force remains the same, the acceleration decreases. Thus, the essence of Newton's Second Law is about understanding the dynamics of forces, mass, and acceleration, making it a fundamental principle in physics for describing how objects move in response to applied forces.

In contrast, the other statements pertain to different principles in physics; one concerns action-reaction pairs, another references the conservation of energy, and the last describes inertia. Each of these reflects a distinct aspect of motion or forces and is not directly related to how acceleration is influenced by forces and mass, which is the focus of Newton's Second Law