What factors reduce machine efficiency?

Machine efficiency is influenced by the losses occurring through various forces and not all factors listed can be directly associated with efficiency reduction. Friction occurs between moving parts, which converts some of the input energy into heat rather than useful work. Air resistance also plays a significant role, especially in systems moving through air, as it increases the total energy needed to maintain speed, thus wasting energy that could be used to perform work. Deformation of parts under load can lead to energy losses as well, as it may cause additional friction and resistance in parts that are not functioning as designed.

Thus, understanding these specific factors clarifies why they distinctly contribute to a reduction in machine efficiency. Reducing any of these influences through design improvements can lead to machines that operate more efficiently.