What is a wedge?

A wedge is defined as two inclined planes joined back-to-back, which is specifically designed to split or lift materials. This characteristic is essential in understanding how a wedge functions. When force is applied to the thicker end of the wedge, it exerts pressure on the material being split or lifted. The inclined planes create a sharp edge that allows the wedge to effectively penetrate and separate the material, making it an essential tool in construction, woodworking, and various mechanical applications.

The principle behind a wedge relies on the mechanical advantage it provides: by applying a relatively small force at the thicker end, a much larger force can be exerted at the thinner edge, enabling the wedge to perform tasks that would be difficult or impossible without it. The wedge's design not only splits materials apart but can also lift heavy weights, which is why it is classified as a simple machine. Understanding these principles helps to appreciate the practical applications of wedges in everyday life and various industries.